Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Bank staff are at increased risk due to exposure to ergonomic hazards. In Tanzania, data on the burden of LBP among this group are limited. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of LBP and its associated factors among bank staff. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken in 2024 among employees of a private bank in DAR es SALAAM, Tanzania. Participants were selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected via an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Associations between LBP and predictor variables were assessed using multivariable modified Poisson regression models. Results: A total of 420 participants were included. The median age was 39 years, with 56.9% being female. The 12-month prevalence of LBP was 78.3%. Factors significantly linked to LBP included older age (aPR=1.18;95% CI:1.06–1.32) and being overweight/obese (aPR=1.07;95% CI:1.01–1.14). Other predictors included longer working hours, limited breaks, uncomfortable workstations, lack of physical activity, and prolonged sitting (aPR range:1.13–1.40). Protective factors included alternating between sitting and standing, access to ergonomic equipment, and walking to or from work (aPR range: 0.54–0.91). Negative perceptions of work environment were also significantly correlated with LBP (aPR range: 1.09–1.24). Conclusions: LBP is highly prevalent among bank staff and is affected by several factors, including sociodemographic, psychosocial, ergonomic, and lifestyle factors. Workplace interventions targeting these factors, such as providing ergonomic workstations, promoting physical activity, and addressing workplace stress, could help lower LBP as well as enhance employee health and productivity.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the association between malocclusion, self-perception, self-esteem, and sociodemographic factors among primary schoolchildren in DAR es SALAAM, Tanzania. Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study that involved children aged 10-12 years from primary schools in DAR es SALAAM. A questionnaire was used to obtain information about the participants’,socio-demographics, self-perception and self-esteem. Clinical examination was done to determine their occlusal statuses. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 22. 0), and Chi-square test and logistic regression model were used to assess statistically significant differences between variables. P<0. 05 was considered as significant. Results: A total of 620 schoolchildren participated in this study. The overall prevalence of malocclusion was 66. 5%. Undesirable self-perception was reported in 34. 0% and self-esteem issues in 30. 0% of the schoolchildren. Significantly, many participants with less educated fathers had malocclusion compared with their counterparts (p=0. 002). Furthermore, most children with malocclusion perceived themselves negatively and reported lower self-esteem compared with those who had no malocclusion (78. 7% vs. 21. 3%, p=0. 000 and 75. 8% vs. 24. 2%, p=0. 001, respectively). In the logistic regression model, the presence of malocclusion remained as a significant determinant of schoolchildren perceiving themselves negatively and reporting lower self-esteem (OR: 2. 4, CI: 1. 62-3. 54, p= 0. 000 and OR: 1. 82, CI: 1. 23-2. 7, p= 0. 003, respectively). Conclusion: Conclusion: The presence of malocclusion was associated with children's negative self-perception and lower self-esteem. Malocclusion prevention and early interventions in children are highly recommended.